Alkalinity
Alkalinity is the concentration of carbonate and bicarbonate ions, which is the capacity of water to resist changes in pH that would make the water more acidic. High alkalinity concentrations provide buffering to prevent increasing acid levels (decreasing pH) in streams, which can affect cellular function and the physiology of aquatic organisms including fish.
Fish Health: Low alkalinity may increase the uptake of metals (e.g., cadmium) in fish.
Habitat: Lower alkalinity concentrations are more susceptible to acidic shocks from wastewater discharge, agricultural runoff, and acid rainfall.
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